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BS EN 14233-2002 与食品接触的材料和器具.塑料.为了选择渗移测试的适当温度,在微波炉或传统炉加热过程中塑料和食品接触面塑料材料和器具温度的测定

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【英文标准名称】:Materialsandarticlesincontactwithfoodstuffs-Plastics-Determinationoftemperatureofplasticsmaterialsandarticlesattheplastics/foodinterfaceduringmicrowaveandconventionalovenheatinginordertoselecttheappropriatetemperaturefor
【原文标准名称】:与食品接触的材料和器具.塑料.为了选择渗移测试的适当温度,在微波炉或传统炉加热过程中塑料和食品接触面塑料材料和器具温度的测定
【标准号】:BSEN14233-2002
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2002-10-17
【实施或试行日期】:2002-10-17
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:食品包装;食品;食品料;炉;加热;接触食品的材料;材料规范;微波器件;微波灶;微波炉辐射;微波;迁移;抗渗移性;塑料容器;塑料;温度行为;温度试验;试验
【英文主题词】:Foodpackages;Foodproducts;Foodstuff;Furnaces;Heating;Materialsincontactwithfood;Materialsspecification;Microwavedevices;Microwaveovens;Microwaveradiation;Microwaves;Migration;Migrationresistance;Plasticcontainers;Plastics;Temperaturebehaviour;Temperaturetest;Testing
【摘要】:ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesmethodstomeasurethetemperaturereachedbyplasticsmaterialsandarticlesincontactwithfoodstuffsduringmicrowaveheatingandconventionalovenheatinginordertoselecttheappropriatetemperatureformigrationtesting.Itisapplicabletoallplasticsmaterialsandarticlesforwhichthefood(s)withwhichtheycancomeintocontactunderworstforeseeableconditionsofuseis/areknown.Thisincludespre-packagedfoodssuchasreadymealswhichwillbeheatedinthepackaging,andforfoodswhichneedsomepre-preparationbutwhichincludethecookingcontainerinthepack,e.g.cakemixes.Themethodisalsosuitableforplasticsmaterialsandarticlestobeusedforpreparingfoodsinthehomeorforuseincommercialfoodpreparationwherethearticleissuppliedasastand-aloneitem,i.e.notcontainingornotincludingfoodatthepointofsale.NOTEAlthoughthemethodhasbeendevelopedforplasticsmaterialsandarticles,itisalsoapplicabletootherpackagingmaterialsincludingpaperandboard,rubberandelastomers,ceramics,glassetc.Temperaturemeasurementsusingconventionalovenheatingaresuitableformetalmaterialsbuttheseitemsshouldgenerallynotbeheatedinmicrowaveovensduetopossibleproblemswitharcing.
【中国标准分类号】:X08;C53
【国际标准分类号】:67_250;83_080_01
【页数】:20P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforApplyingAnalyticalHierarchyProcess(AHP)toMultiattributeDecisionAnalysisofInvestmentsRelatedtoBuildingsandBuildingSystems
【原文标准名称】:利用分析体系过程(AHP)进行有关建筑物和建筑系统投资的多属性决策分析的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTME1765-2007e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2007
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E06.81
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:analyticalhierarchyprocess;buildingeconomics;decisionanalysis;economicevaluationmethods;engineeringeconomics;hierarchicalmethods;investmentanalysis;multiattributedecisionanalysis;multiplecriteriadecisionanalysis;multipleobj
【摘要】:TheAHPmethodallowsyoutogenerateasinglemeasureofdesirabilityforprojectalternativeswithrespecttomultipleattributes(qualitativeandquantitative).Bycontrast,life-cyclecost(PracticeE917),netsavings(PracticeE1074),savings-to-investmentratio(PracticeE964),internalrate-of-return(PracticeE1057),andpayback(PracticeE1121)methodsallrequireyoutoputamonetaryvalueonbenefitsandcostsinordertoincludetheminameasureofprojectworth.UseAHPtoevaluateafiniteandgenerallysmallsetofdiscreteandpredeterminedoptionsoralternatives.SpecificAHPapplicationsarerankingandchoosingamongalternatives.Forexample,rankalternativebuildinglocationswithAHPtoseehowtheymeasureuptooneanother,oruseAHPtochooseamongbuildingmaterialstoseewhichisbestforyourapplication.UseAHPifnosinglealternativeexhibitsthemostpreferredavailablevalueorperformanceforallattributes.Thisisoftentheresultofanunderlyingtrade-offrelationshipamongattributes.Anexampleisthetrade-offbetweenlowdesiredenergycostsandlargeglasswindowareas(whichmayraiseheatingandcoolingcostswhileloweringlightingcosts).UseAHPtoevaluatealternativeswhoseattributesarenotallmeasurableinthesameunits.AlsouseAHPwhenperformancerelativetosomeoralloftheattributesisimpractical,impossible,ortoocostlytomeasure.Forexample,whilelife-cyclecostsaredirectlymeasuredinmonetaryunits,thenumberandsizeofofficesaremeasuredinotherunits,andthepublicimageofabuildingmaynotbepracticallymeasurableinanyunit.Tohelpyouchooseamongcandidatebuildingswiththesediverseattributes,useAHPtoevaluateyouralternatives.PotentialusersofAHPincludearchitects,developers,owners,orlessorsofbuildings,realestateprofessionals(commercialandresidential),facilitymanagers,buildingmaterialmanufacturers,andagenciesmanagingbuildingportfolios.1.1ThispracticepresentsaprocedureforcalculatingandinterpretingAHPscoresofaproject''stotaloveralldesirabilitywhenmakingbuilding-relatedcapitalinvestmentdecisions.1.2Inadditiontomonetarybenefitsandcosts,theprocedureallowsfortheconsiderationofcharacteristicsorattributeswhichdecisionmakersregardasimportant,butwhicharenotreadilyexpressedinmonetaryterms.Examplesofsuchattributesthatpertaintotheselectionofabuildingalternative(anditssurroundings)arelocation/accessibility,sitesecurity,maintainability,qualityofthesoundandvisualenvironment,andimagetothepublicandoccupants.
【中国标准分类号】:P02
【国际标准分类号】:91_010_99
【页数】:14P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


基本信息
标准名称:照相用电子闪光装置闪光指数的确定
英文名称:Determination of flash guide numbers for electronic photoflash equipments
中标分类: 仪器、仪表 >> 电影、照相、缩微、复印设备 >> 照相机与照相器具
ICS分类: 成像技术 >> 摄影技术 >> 摄影设备、投影仪
发布部门:国家技术监督局
发布日期:1992-01-02
实施日期:1993-07-01
首发日期:1992-12-19
作废日期:1900-01-01
主管部门:中国机械工业联合会
归口单位:全国照相机械标准化技术委员会
起草单位:杭州照相机械研究所
出版社:中国标准出版社
出版日期:1900-01-01
页数:平装16开, 页数:6, 字数:6千字
适用范围

本标准规定了照相用电子闪光装置闪光指数的定义、计算公式和表示方法。本标准适用于照相用电子闪光装置,也适用于带有积分反光器的一次性照相闪光泡。

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所属分类: 仪器 仪表 电影 照相 缩微 复印设备 照相机与照相器具 成像技术 摄影技术 摄影设备 投影仪